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What Is Vue.js?

Vue.js, commonly referred to as Vue, is an open-source JavaScript framework used for building user interfaces. It was created by Evan You and first released in 2014. Vue.js stands out for its simplicity and ease of use, making it an attractive choice for both beginners and experienced developers.

The Evolution to Vue 3

Vue 3 represents a significant evolution of the framework. Released in September 2020, it introduces several key improvements over its predecessor, Vue 2:

• Composition API: Vue 3 introduces the Composition API, a new way of organizing and reusing code that offers more flexibility and maintainability compared to Vue 2’s Options API.
• Improved Performance: Vue 3 is faster and more efficient, thanks to optimized rendering mechanisms, better tree-shaking capabilities, and a smaller bundle size.
• Enhanced TypeScript Support: Vue 3 provides better support for TypeScript, making it easier for developers to use TypeScript in their projects.
• Teleport: The Teleport feature allows you to render content in one part of the DOM and have it appear in another, enabling more flexible and dynamic UIs.
• Fragments: Vue 3 introduces fragments, which enable developers to return multiple root elements from a component’s template, simplifying complex UI structures.

Why Choose Vue 3?

There are several compelling reasons to choose Vue 3 for your front-end development projects:

• Ease of Learning: Vue’s simplicity and gentle learning curve make it accessible to developers of all skill levels. If you’re new to front-end development, Vue is an excellent place to start.
• Versatility: Vue can be used for a wide range of applications, from single-page applications (SPAs) to server-side rendering (SSR) and even mobile app development with frameworks like NativeScript and Weex.
• Active Community: Vue has a vibrant and active community of developers and maintainers who regularly contribute to its growth and offer support through forums, documentation, and tutorials.
• Reactivity: Vue’s reactivity system makes it easy to create dynamic and responsive user interfaces, ensuring that your application updates efficiently as data changes.
• Flexibility: Vue’s modular architecture allows you to use as much or as little of the framework as you need. You can gradually introduce Vue into existing projects or build entirely new ones from scratch.

Getting Started with Vue 3

Now that we’ve highlighted why Vue 3 is a promising choice for front-end development, let’s explore how to get started with it:

1. Installation:

To start using Vue 3, you’ll need Node.js installed on your system. Once you have Node.js, you can install Vue CLI (Command Line Interface) globally using the following command:

bash

Copy code

npm install -g @vue/cli

2. Creating a New Vue Project:

After installing Vue CLI, you can create a new Vue project using the vue create command. This will prompt you to configure your project and choose a preset (you can manually select features or use the default preset).

3. Developing with Vue:

Vue projects are structured in a way that encourages the separation of concerns. You’ll work primarily with Vue components, which encapsulate the structure, behavior, and styles of your UI elements.

Vue’s template syntax allows you to declare your UI in a straightforward, HTML-like manner.

You can define the data, methods, and computed properties your component needs using JavaScript.

Vue’s reactivity system ensures that your UI updates automatically when your data changes.

4. Building and Deploying:

Vue CLI provides built-in tools for building and optimizing your project for production. You can use vue-cli-service build to create a production-ready bundle of your application.

Deployment options are versatile; you can host your Vue app on a variety of platforms, from traditional web hosting services to cloud platforms like Netlify, Vercel, or Firebase.

5. Learning Resources:

Vue’s official documentation is an excellent resource for learning and reference. Additionally, there are many online courses, tutorials, and books available for developers looking to dive deeper into Vue.

Conclusion

Vue 3 brings a fresh perspective to front-end development, combining simplicity with powerful features and performance improvements. Its versatility, active community, and ease of learning make it an attractive choice for developers. Whether you’re a seasoned developer looking to explore a new framework or a beginner starting your journey in front-end development, Vue 3 is a framework worth considering. With its user-friendly approach and impressive capabilities, Vue 3 is poised to play a significant role in shaping the future of web development.

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Adonis JS applies the Edge templating system, which is simple and easy to use. In addition to Node.js, the framework now also works in Typescript. Adonis JS has an ORM system named Lucid, which is an interface for communication between application models and the database.

Adonis JS has its own Edge templating system, so you can create reusable HTML templates and bring client-side logic into development with little code.

Edge allows you to use component-based tools when developing JavaScript applications. Template files are saved with the .edge extension.

To work properly, the application needs the following views: master layout, login page, index view, registration, create, view, and edit quote pages.

If you run the application without connecting the database, it will not work. Adonis JS includes the Lucid ORM model, which implements active records to work with databases. That’s why you won’t need SQL queries.

It is a serious and reliable framework, in which you are thought for you for support out of the box:

• routing;
• dependency management (supports Dependency Injection);
• error handling;
• email distribution;
• data validation;
• authorization;
• integration with Redis.

It all looks like “take and develop”, without thinking about any low-level things and customization, and gives significant advantages in development speed.

In general, I consider it one of the high-level frameworks that really performs its role as a “framework” in a cool way.

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What is Koa?

Koa provides a minimal interface for building applications. It is a very small framework (600 LoC) that provides the necessary tools to build applications and is quite flexible. There are many modules available on npm for Koa that can be directly plugged into it. Koa can be thought of as the core of express.js without all the frills.

Why Koa.

Koa has a small footprint (600 locs) and is a very thin layer of abstraction above the node for creating server-side applications. It is fully pluggable and has a huge community. It also allows us to easily extend Koa and use it according to our needs. It is built using advanced technology (ES6) which gives it an edge over older platforms like Express.

Pug (formerly known as Jade) is a short language for writing HTML templates.

• Produces HTML
• Supports dynamic code
• Supports reuse (DREAM)

It is one of the most popular template languages used in Koa.

MongoDB and Mongoose

MongoDB is an open source document database designed for ease of development and scalability. We will use this database to store data.

Mongoose is a client API for node.js that makes it easy to access our database from our Koa app.

Like Express, it can be used to build server-side applications of any level. Despite significant bug fixes and greater efficiency in some scenarios, Koa is not a replacement for Express, but only an alternative with a much smaller community, so it is unlikely to be suitable for beginners.

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However, it perfectly fulfills its function of rapid prototyping.

And the low learning curve, along with a lot of ready-made solutions, the lack of a clear structure that hits you in the arm, still makes it so popular.

It provides the following mechanisms:

• Writing handlers for requests with different HTTP methods in different URLs (routes).
• Integration with “view” rendering mechanisms to generate responses by inserting data into templates.
• Setting general parameters of the web application, such as the port to connect to and the location of the templates used to display the response.
• “middleware” for additional request processing at any point in the request processing pipeline.

While express itself is fairly minimalistic, the developers have created compatible middleware packages to solve almost any web development problem. There are libraries to handle cookies, sessions, user logins, URL parameters, POST data, security headers, and more. You can find a list of middleware packages supported by the Express team in Express Middleware (along with a list of some popular third-party packages) .

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Instead, Svelte works at build time, converting your components into highly efficient imperative code that updates the DOM with surgical precision. As a result, you can write ambitious applications with excellent performance specs.

The first version of Svelte was dedicated to testing a hypothesis – that a purpose-built compiler can generate reliable code and provide a great user experience. The second version was devoted to small improvements that tidied up a number of things.

Svelte’s pros

• high performance
• small size of the final code
• ease of use for beginners

And what about the disadvantages, are there none at all? Alas, unfortunately, this framework is quite young and has not yet received due attention from the developer community. This means that the word svelte is almost never heard in the offered vacancies. Entering the labor market with a skill that is not in demand yet is not what beginner frontend developers need. The framework hasn’t yet achieved the necessary popularity to count on the support of the big players in the IT sphere, like Angular or React. And without that, it doesn’t have extensions for code editors, ready-made component sets. But Svelte has an active developer community on github, where you can always ask for help or contribute to the development of this technology.

Unlike its brethren, Svelte doesn’t use virtual DOM and still outperforms them in terms of size and performance. The conclusion is self-evident – virtual DOM is certainly a cool thing, but not a panacea. It turned out that you can achieve high performance without virtual DOM. Over the past few years, new JavaScript frameworks have been appearing every now and then, rapidly gaining popularity. Such an invasion of frameworks always puts newcomers in a stupor. Experienced developers regularly hear the same question: I want to become a frontend developer, but I don’t know where to start. There’s so much to learn, it’s overwhelming.

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Therefore, NestJS is not only a backend framework, but also an opportunity to enter the world of advanced concepts, such as DDD, Event sourcing and microservice architecture. Everything is packaged in a simple and lightweight way, so the choice is yours – whether you decide to use the entire platform or just use its components.

It’s called “Angular in the backend world”, and it’s true, because the developers were inspired by Angular.

The framework has a great CLI, a structure in which there is no room for error, good documentation where you can find examples of most use cases.

Another interesting fact is that under the hood, Nest is able to use various low-level frameworks, out of the box it is Express, but you can easily switch to, for example, Fastify.

What does NestJS consist of?

The author of the framework was inspired by the ideas of Angular, and NestJS turned out to be very similar to Angular, especially in early versions.

Controllers
The controller layer is responsible for processing incoming requests and returning a response to the client.

Providers
Almost everything is a Provider – Service, Repository, Factory, Helper, etc. They can be embedded in controllers and other providers.

Modules
A module is a class with a @Module() decorator. The @Module() decorator provides the metadata that Nest uses to organize the structure of an application. Every Nest application has at least one module, the root module. The root module is where Nest begins to organize the application tree. In fact, the root module may be the only module in your application, especially when the application is small, but that doesn’t make sense. In most cases, you’ll have multiple modules, each with a closely related set of capabilities. In Nest, modules are singletons by default, so you can easily share the same component instance between two or more modules.

Exception Filters
Nest has an exception layer that is responsible for catching unhandled exceptions and returning the appropriate response to the end user.

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Since Vue works only at the “view layer” and is not used for middleware and backend, it can easily integrate with other projects and libraries. Vue.js contains extensive functionality for the view layer and can be used to create powerful single-page web applications.

Vue.js features:

• Reactive interfaces;
• Declarative rendering;
• Data Binding;
• Directives (all directives are prefixed with “V-“. A state value is passed to a directive, and html attributes or Vue JS events are used as arguments);
• Template Logic;
• Components;
• Event Handling;
• Properties;
• CSS transitions and animations;
• Filters.

The core Vue.js 2 library is very small (only 17kB). This ensures that the load on your project implemented with Vue.js is minimal and your site will load quickly. Download the corresponding .js file at the link.

Where Vue.js is used

Vue is suitable for small projects that need to add some reactivity, present a form using AJAX, display values on user input, authorization or other similar tasks. Vue scales easily and is well suited for high-volume projects, which is why it is called a progressive framework.

Vue is also great for large single-page applications due to its core components such as Router and Vuex. With Vue, you can both use public APIs to build applications and implement server-side runtime applications. But Vue is best suited for developing solutions that use external APIs to process data.

You can also use Vue to create a blog frontend on popular CMSs. Vue.js is also great for developing dynamic interfaces that adapt to the user.

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It is encouraging that now, finally, there is a worthy contender for the place of the main web framework of all and everything – I mean not Fastify.js, but, of course, Nest.js. Although by the quantitative indicators of popularity, it is very, very far away from Express.js.

Express.js still runs in more than 2/3 of web applications for node.js. Moreover, 2/3 of the most popular web frameworks for node.js use Express.js approaches. (It would be more accurate to say the approaches of the Connect.js library, on which Express.js was based until version 4.)

The function that handles the root does not return a value. Instead, one of the methods of the response (res) object must be called. If this method is not called explicitly, even after returning from the function, the client and server will remain in a state of waiting for the server’s response until they each timeout. This is only “direct loss”, but there is also “lost profit”. The fact that this function does not return a value makes it impossible to simply implement the functionality you need, such as validation or logging of responses returned to the client.

In Express.js, built-in error handling is always synchronous. However, it’s rare for a Root to do without calling asynchronous operations. Since Express.js was created in the pre-Promise era, a standard synchronous error handler for asynchronous errors will not work.

The complexity of asynchronous service initialization. For example, an application works with a database and accesses the database as a service by storing a reference in a variable. Root initialization in Express.js is always synchronous. This means that when the first client requests start coming to the roots, the asynchronous initialization of the service will most likely not have time to work yet, so you will have to “drag” asynchronous code into the roots to get a reference to this service. All this, of course, is realizable.

When you develop your part of the application, you can be sure that 10-20 middleware have already been worked on before your code, which hang all sorts of properties on the req object and may even modify the original request, just as you can be sure that as much if not more middleware can be added after you develop your part of the application.
Historical attempts to overcome the shortcomings of Express.js

Fastify.js supports both the style of server response generation familiar to Express.js developers and the more forward-looking style of function return value, while still allowing flexibility in manipulating other response parameters.

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This can include the following points:

• Transmission of data of unidirectional type. Properties will be passed from the parent component to the children. They will receive properties as a set of immutable values. This results in the component not being able to directly make adjustments to the available parameters.
• Presence of virtual DOM. React has been assigned its own virtual DOM. The technology creates a cache structure in the memory of the involved device, which allows for a calculation between the previous and current states of the interface.
• Availability of JSX. This is an extension of the JavaScript syntax that makes it possible to apply HTML-like syntax to describe interface structures.
• The use of lifecycle methods. They help the programmer to run codification at different stages of the “life” of an application component.
• Not only rendering HTML in the browser.
• Presence of React Hooks. Due to Hooks, you can use states and other features of the studied technology without writing classes in the code.

All this makes React a convenient and functional tool for user interfaces of various complexity. The main thing is to learn how to use such a library. The official documentation and tutorials will help to understand the issue from scratch.

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It is a library for creating user interfaces. It has an open source code. React first appeared in 2013. Acts as a cross-platform library.

React can be described as:

• a web framework;
• a library of functions;
• JS library.

Now this component has support and is also being developed by Facebook and Instagram. They are helped by a community of independent developers and organizations.

History of appearance

React technology was developed by one Jordan Valke. This is one of the software developers in the Facebook Corporation. This is the name given to the PHP component-based HTML framework.

React was initially used in the Facebook feed in 2011. It was later implemented in the Instagram feed. This happened in 2012. The source code became open source in May 2013 at a conference called JSConf US.

React Native was announced at the React.js Conf conference in early 2015. Its source code was opened by developers in late spring of the same year. The corresponding component makes it possible to develop native applications with React that run on iOS, Android, and UWP.

And in 2017, a rewritten and optimized version of React appeared, called React Fiber. This is the foundation for all future features as well as existing improvements.

What to know before using it

Before you start working directly with React, you need to prepare yourself. It is not so easy for beginners to deal with it at once. Beforehand, the developer needs to familiarize himself with the concepts and basics of working with:

• HTML;
• JavaScript;
• classes;
• objects;
• functions;
• arrays.

Once the basics are in place, you can start creating user interfaces with React.

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