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What Is Vue.js?

Vue.js, commonly referred to as Vue, is an open-source JavaScript framework used for building user interfaces. It was created by Evan You and first released in 2014. Vue.js stands out for its simplicity and ease of use, making it an attractive choice for both beginners and experienced developers.

The Evolution to Vue 3

Vue 3 represents a significant evolution of the framework. Released in September 2020, it introduces several key improvements over its predecessor, Vue 2:

• Composition API: Vue 3 introduces the Composition API, a new way of organizing and reusing code that offers more flexibility and maintainability compared to Vue 2’s Options API.
• Improved Performance: Vue 3 is faster and more efficient, thanks to optimized rendering mechanisms, better tree-shaking capabilities, and a smaller bundle size.
• Enhanced TypeScript Support: Vue 3 provides better support for TypeScript, making it easier for developers to use TypeScript in their projects.
• Teleport: The Teleport feature allows you to render content in one part of the DOM and have it appear in another, enabling more flexible and dynamic UIs.
• Fragments: Vue 3 introduces fragments, which enable developers to return multiple root elements from a component’s template, simplifying complex UI structures.

Why Choose Vue 3?

There are several compelling reasons to choose Vue 3 for your front-end development projects:

• Ease of Learning: Vue’s simplicity and gentle learning curve make it accessible to developers of all skill levels. If you’re new to front-end development, Vue is an excellent place to start.
• Versatility: Vue can be used for a wide range of applications, from single-page applications (SPAs) to server-side rendering (SSR) and even mobile app development with frameworks like NativeScript and Weex.
• Active Community: Vue has a vibrant and active community of developers and maintainers who regularly contribute to its growth and offer support through forums, documentation, and tutorials.
• Reactivity: Vue’s reactivity system makes it easy to create dynamic and responsive user interfaces, ensuring that your application updates efficiently as data changes.
• Flexibility: Vue’s modular architecture allows you to use as much or as little of the framework as you need. You can gradually introduce Vue into existing projects or build entirely new ones from scratch.

Getting Started with Vue 3

Now that we’ve highlighted why Vue 3 is a promising choice for front-end development, let’s explore how to get started with it:

1. Installation:

To start using Vue 3, you’ll need Node.js installed on your system. Once you have Node.js, you can install Vue CLI (Command Line Interface) globally using the following command:

bash

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npm install -g @vue/cli

2. Creating a New Vue Project:

After installing Vue CLI, you can create a new Vue project using the vue create command. This will prompt you to configure your project and choose a preset (you can manually select features or use the default preset).

3. Developing with Vue:

Vue projects are structured in a way that encourages the separation of concerns. You’ll work primarily with Vue components, which encapsulate the structure, behavior, and styles of your UI elements.

Vue’s template syntax allows you to declare your UI in a straightforward, HTML-like manner.

You can define the data, methods, and computed properties your component needs using JavaScript.

Vue’s reactivity system ensures that your UI updates automatically when your data changes.

4. Building and Deploying:

Vue CLI provides built-in tools for building and optimizing your project for production. You can use vue-cli-service build to create a production-ready bundle of your application.

Deployment options are versatile; you can host your Vue app on a variety of platforms, from traditional web hosting services to cloud platforms like Netlify, Vercel, or Firebase.

5. Learning Resources:

Vue’s official documentation is an excellent resource for learning and reference. Additionally, there are many online courses, tutorials, and books available for developers looking to dive deeper into Vue.

Conclusion

Vue 3 brings a fresh perspective to front-end development, combining simplicity with powerful features and performance improvements. Its versatility, active community, and ease of learning make it an attractive choice for developers. Whether you’re a seasoned developer looking to explore a new framework or a beginner starting your journey in front-end development, Vue 3 is a framework worth considering. With its user-friendly approach and impressive capabilities, Vue 3 is poised to play a significant role in shaping the future of web development.

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Adonis JS applies the Edge templating system, which is simple and easy to use. In addition to Node.js, the framework now also works in Typescript. Adonis JS has an ORM system named Lucid, which is an interface for communication between application models and the database.

Adonis JS has its own Edge templating system, so you can create reusable HTML templates and bring client-side logic into development with little code.

Edge allows you to use component-based tools when developing JavaScript applications. Template files are saved with the .edge extension.

To work properly, the application needs the following views: master layout, login page, index view, registration, create, view, and edit quote pages.

If you run the application without connecting the database, it will not work. Adonis JS includes the Lucid ORM model, which implements active records to work with databases. That’s why you won’t need SQL queries.

It is a serious and reliable framework, in which you are thought for you for support out of the box:

• routing;
• dependency management (supports Dependency Injection);
• error handling;
• email distribution;
• data validation;
• authorization;
• integration with Redis.

It all looks like “take and develop”, without thinking about any low-level things and customization, and gives significant advantages in development speed.

In general, I consider it one of the high-level frameworks that really performs its role as a “framework” in a cool way.

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What is Koa?

Koa provides a minimal interface for building applications. It is a very small framework (600 LoC) that provides the necessary tools to build applications and is quite flexible. There are many modules available on npm for Koa that can be directly plugged into it. Koa can be thought of as the core of express.js without all the frills.

Why Koa.

Koa has a small footprint (600 locs) and is a very thin layer of abstraction above the node for creating server-side applications. It is fully pluggable and has a huge community. It also allows us to easily extend Koa and use it according to our needs. It is built using advanced technology (ES6) which gives it an edge over older platforms like Express.

Pug (formerly known as Jade) is a short language for writing HTML templates.

• Produces HTML
• Supports dynamic code
• Supports reuse (DREAM)

It is one of the most popular template languages used in Koa.

MongoDB and Mongoose

MongoDB is an open source document database designed for ease of development and scalability. We will use this database to store data.

Mongoose is a client API for node.js that makes it easy to access our database from our Koa app.

Like Express, it can be used to build server-side applications of any level. Despite significant bug fixes and greater efficiency in some scenarios, Koa is not a replacement for Express, but only an alternative with a much smaller community, so it is unlikely to be suitable for beginners.

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However, it perfectly fulfills its function of rapid prototyping.

And the low learning curve, along with a lot of ready-made solutions, the lack of a clear structure that hits you in the arm, still makes it so popular.

It provides the following mechanisms:

• Writing handlers for requests with different HTTP methods in different URLs (routes).
• Integration with “view” rendering mechanisms to generate responses by inserting data into templates.
• Setting general parameters of the web application, such as the port to connect to and the location of the templates used to display the response.
• “middleware” for additional request processing at any point in the request processing pipeline.

While express itself is fairly minimalistic, the developers have created compatible middleware packages to solve almost any web development problem. There are libraries to handle cookies, sessions, user logins, URL parameters, POST data, security headers, and more. You can find a list of middleware packages supported by the Express team in Express Middleware (along with a list of some popular third-party packages) .

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Therefore, NestJS is not only a backend framework, but also an opportunity to enter the world of advanced concepts, such as DDD, Event sourcing and microservice architecture. Everything is packaged in a simple and lightweight way, so the choice is yours – whether you decide to use the entire platform or just use its components.

It’s called “Angular in the backend world”, and it’s true, because the developers were inspired by Angular.

The framework has a great CLI, a structure in which there is no room for error, good documentation where you can find examples of most use cases.

Another interesting fact is that under the hood, Nest is able to use various low-level frameworks, out of the box it is Express, but you can easily switch to, for example, Fastify.

What does NestJS consist of?

The author of the framework was inspired by the ideas of Angular, and NestJS turned out to be very similar to Angular, especially in early versions.

Controllers
The controller layer is responsible for processing incoming requests and returning a response to the client.

Providers
Almost everything is a Provider – Service, Repository, Factory, Helper, etc. They can be embedded in controllers and other providers.

Modules
A module is a class with a @Module() decorator. The @Module() decorator provides the metadata that Nest uses to organize the structure of an application. Every Nest application has at least one module, the root module. The root module is where Nest begins to organize the application tree. In fact, the root module may be the only module in your application, especially when the application is small, but that doesn’t make sense. In most cases, you’ll have multiple modules, each with a closely related set of capabilities. In Nest, modules are singletons by default, so you can easily share the same component instance between two or more modules.

Exception Filters
Nest has an exception layer that is responsible for catching unhandled exceptions and returning the appropriate response to the end user.

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It is encouraging that now, finally, there is a worthy contender for the place of the main web framework of all and everything – I mean not Fastify.js, but, of course, Nest.js. Although by the quantitative indicators of popularity, it is very, very far away from Express.js.

Express.js still runs in more than 2/3 of web applications for node.js. Moreover, 2/3 of the most popular web frameworks for node.js use Express.js approaches. (It would be more accurate to say the approaches of the Connect.js library, on which Express.js was based until version 4.)

The function that handles the root does not return a value. Instead, one of the methods of the response (res) object must be called. If this method is not called explicitly, even after returning from the function, the client and server will remain in a state of waiting for the server’s response until they each timeout. This is only “direct loss”, but there is also “lost profit”. The fact that this function does not return a value makes it impossible to simply implement the functionality you need, such as validation or logging of responses returned to the client.

In Express.js, built-in error handling is always synchronous. However, it’s rare for a Root to do without calling asynchronous operations. Since Express.js was created in the pre-Promise era, a standard synchronous error handler for asynchronous errors will not work.

The complexity of asynchronous service initialization. For example, an application works with a database and accesses the database as a service by storing a reference in a variable. Root initialization in Express.js is always synchronous. This means that when the first client requests start coming to the roots, the asynchronous initialization of the service will most likely not have time to work yet, so you will have to “drag” asynchronous code into the roots to get a reference to this service. All this, of course, is realizable.

When you develop your part of the application, you can be sure that 10-20 middleware have already been worked on before your code, which hang all sorts of properties on the req object and may even modify the original request, just as you can be sure that as much if not more middleware can be added after you develop your part of the application.
Historical attempts to overcome the shortcomings of Express.js

Fastify.js supports both the style of server response generation familiar to Express.js developers and the more forward-looking style of function return value, while still allowing flexibility in manipulating other response parameters.

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